外國(guó)人眼中的“中國(guó)白”|美國(guó)作家Robert H. Blumenfield筆下的何朝宗(三)
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小陶陶
2022-11-08 德化陶瓷文化研究院1025
11680
外國(guó)人眼中的“”|美國(guó)作家Robert H. Blumenfield筆下的何朝宗
何朝宗何許人也?這是一個(gè)一直以來(lái)從未間斷過(guò)思考的問(wèn)題。
何朝宗,一位瓷都德化明代舉世聞名的瓷塑大師,其獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟的精湛技藝和形成的“何”派藝術(shù)馳名中外,被譽(yù)為“東方藝術(shù)”的精品。
然而,關(guān)于這位聞名世界的瓷塑大師的生卒年月及個(gè)人經(jīng)歷等在地方文獻(xiàn)中卻鮮有記載。
那么,這個(gè)問(wèn)題是否能在外國(guó)作者有關(guān)“德化”“”“德化瓷”的著作中得到說(shuō)明?
近期,外國(guó)人眼中的“”欄目將對(duì)有關(guān)“何朝宗”的研究進(jìn)行梳理,以期找到其中的線索。
從何而來(lái)?萬(wàn)瓷朝宗
——美國(guó)作家Robert H. Blumenfield筆下的何朝宗(三)
美國(guó)作家Robert H. Blumenfield(普孟斐)曾于20世紀(jì)九十年代到訪德化,在他所著《Blanc de Chine—— the Great Porcelain of Dehua 》(《:偉大的德化瓷器》,Ten Speed Press出版社,2002年第1版)一書(shū)中,有以下一段記述:
“Perhaps the most emblematic moment of my entire trip occurred at the Dehua porce-lain museum.In the entrance hall there stood a huge statue of the master,He Chaozong. Imagine the effect on me when I saw that statue. As a collector of blanc de Chine, my visit to Dehua was like a Muslim's visit to Mecca. And now I found myself gazing upon a larger-than-life reproduction of the greatest blanc de Chine creator of all.”(“也許我整個(gè)行程中最具有象征意義的時(shí)刻發(fā)生在我參觀德化陶瓷博物館的時(shí)候。博物館門(mén)廳里佇立著一尊巨大的何朝宗雕像。——何朝宗,最偉大的陶瓷藝術(shù)大師!想象一下,當(dāng)我看到那座雕像時(shí)的感受。作為一個(gè)的收藏家,我對(duì)德化的訪問(wèn)就像一個(gè)穆斯林對(duì)麥加的朝覲!現(xiàn)在,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在凝視著一位最偉大的創(chuàng)造者的大型造像。”)(德化陶瓷博物館舊址位于德化縣東大路醒龍橋頭——編者注)
《:偉大的德化瓷器》成書(shū)于2002年,內(nèi)容涉及瓷器的歷史、款識(shí)、工藝、窯業(yè)發(fā)展等方方面面,是研究德化陶瓷生產(chǎn)、收藏、對(duì)外交流不可多得的珍貴資料。尤其值得一提的是,在書(shū)中,普孟斐對(duì)何朝宗——這位至今為止德化最偉大的瓷塑家的瓷塑作品的斷代,以及他的生平和時(shí)代,有詳細(xì)的分析:
5.一件特殊的古瓷器
“A rare dated Guanyin in my possession bearing a He signature mark may shed light on the actual working dates of this blanc de Chine master. This Guanyin is posed before a man-dala with an inscription invisible to the viewer's eye,or even to a magnifying glass. Under the direction of Dr.Julian Henderson, then at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University,the figure underwent examination under both X-ray and ultraviolet light.Transparencies were made of the figure under ultraviolet,thus permitting the calligraphy to be legible for the first time in three and a half centuries.The inscription indicates thatthis Guanyin was created during the reign of the Wanli emperor in the exact year 1618.
我所擁有的一件罕見(jiàn)的帶有何朝宗簽名的觀音,可能會(huì)揭示這位大師的實(shí)際工作時(shí)間。這件觀音像擺在一個(gè)壇城底座前面,上面的銘文用肉眼看不見(jiàn),甚至用放大鏡也看不清。在當(dāng)時(shí)牛津大學(xué)阿什莫林藝術(shù)與考古博物館的朱利安·亨德森博士的指導(dǎo)下,這尊雕像接受了X射線和紫外線的檢查。在紫外線照射下該人物塑像變得透明,從而使其中的書(shū)法在三個(gè)半世紀(jì)以來(lái)首次清晰可見(jiàn)。碑文表明,這件觀音是在1618年萬(wàn)歷皇帝統(tǒng)治期間制作的。”
“This mark is very likely genuine and the piece is most likely the work of the great master.I therefore believe that He was creating masterpieces well into the seventeenth century.It is likely that he was born in the late sixteenth century,not circa 1522,as previously suggested.While we cannot make absolute historical decisions based on a single piece,further scholarship is likely to show that He flourished in the early seventeenth century,as other dated pieces of his come to light.
如果這個(gè)標(biāo)記是真的,這很可能是何朝宗的作品。因此,我相信何朝宗一直到17世紀(jì)后仍然在從事藝術(shù)品的創(chuàng)作。何朝宗很可能出生于16世紀(jì)末,而不是像之前所說(shuō)的1522年左右。雖然我們不能根據(jù)一件作品做出絕對(duì)的時(shí)間判斷,但進(jìn)一步的研究,特別是隨著何朝宗及其其它年代久遠(yuǎn)的作品曝光很可能表明,何朝宗的藝術(shù)生涯在17世紀(jì)早期已經(jīng)達(dá)到巔峰。”
責(zé)任編輯:陳美珠
